Course of Raku / Advanced / Operators

Traits and pragmas 🆕

Two features let you influence how code is compiled, before it ever runs. A trait is a modifier attached to a declaration — a variable or a routine — written with is. A pragma is a module-like directive, switched on with use (or off with no), that changes a rule for the rest of the lexical scope.

You have already used a trait such as is default in passing. This section looks at traits as a feature in their own right, shows how to write your own, and introduces pragmas.

Topics in this section

• Built-in traits
• Writing a trait
• Pragmas

Practice

Complete the 2 quizzes that cover the contents of this section.

• Quiz — Traits
• Quiz — Pragmas

Exercises

This section contains 3 exercises. Examine all the topics of this section before doing the coding practice.

1. A writable parameter
2. A custom trait
3. Relaxing strict

Course navigation

← Quiz — Defining an operator   |   Built-in traits →